Differences in The Effects of Pursed Lips Breathing and Chest Physiotherapy on Oxygen Saturation in Toddlers Suffering from Pneumonia

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that attacks the lungs or alveoli and often occurs in toddlers, especially infants. Pneumonia is caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, exposure to chemicals or damage to lung physiology. Pneumonia causes high mortality rates in children under five because it results in disruption of oxygenation status in the form of a decrease in oxygen saturation caused by accumulation of secretions. This condition raises the nursing problem
of impaired gas exchange and ineffective airway clearance. Non-pharmacological measures to increase oxygen saturation are pursed lips breathing and chest physiotherapy. The aim of the research was to determine the difference in the effect of pursed lips breathing and chest physiotherapy on oxygen saturation in toddlers with pneumonia in the Purbaratu Tasikmalaya Health Center working area.
Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with two intervention groups, pretest and posttest without a control group, with a sample size of 22 respondents who were divided into 2 intervention groups with sampling using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was univariate and bivariate in the form of paired tests and independent t-tests.
Results: The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the effect of pursed lips breathing and chest
physiotherapy on oxygen saturation in toddlers with pneumonia with a p value of 0.002 (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study shows that pursed lips breathing and chest physiotherapy can increase oxygen saturation in toddlers with pneumonia. The implication of this research could be an intervention that applies the principles of atraumatic care in providing pure lips breathing and chest physiotherapy to overcome the nursing problems of gas exchange disorders and ineffective airway clearance in increasing oxygen saturation values.